⠢ ࠤ ᥡ  ᢮ 栬!

      IBM PC


    ᥪ,  "த"  , ᮡ
⭠,   ⫨砫 ᮡ ⢮.   
४訢, ॢ, 吝 ⠪,    -
  室  (, ,  ࠤ ⮬
짮⥫  ᪮ ࠧ   뢠 ᢮ , ,
 ⮬  ஢,     ). ᯮ 
⮦ ⠢  襣: ਢ몭  ࠡ  
ᨮ쭮     , -  -
Esc (2)   㭪樮묨 蠬  - ࠢ
,  Tab, ᮢ襭   ணࠬ஢ 
ᥬ 祬- 堫   ஡...

 蠥  ஡  . -    મ
ன (-  設 , ,  , , ਬ,
 ᪥ ⠪  - 祭  ।;    ᢮ 
 ᥣ  ⠪ ). - ᠬ   ,
 ᢮ .

 ।   室:    IBM-ᮢ⨬
.   ࠧࠡ⠭ ᯮᮡ 祭 ⠪ 
   ᠭ ᪮쪮 ਠ⮢ ࠩ஢  ࠧ
ਫ.   㦥   ⨬ 㤮 ன⢮ 
 ⮫쪮 譨 ࠧ ⢥न  .  ᬮਬ
᭮ ⮨⢠  ⪨ ⠪ 祭.

⮨⢠:
- IBM-ᮢ⨬   襩 ࠭ ८  㣨
ﬨ, ⠪ , ᫨  ਢ몫   ᢮  
ࠡ, , ਤ ,   ਤ ࠨ  
ਢ筮 ᯮ ;
- 뭮 ஢ ᥩ 쬠 , ⠪    
  ᢮  -  ᮪ 蠬   , 
 ⨥   ⪨,  饫쥬   , ,
,  -  㣮;
- 祭 ந 祭 ,  ⮣  㦭 뢠
, ,    ⮣  -   ⠭⭠
쪮 ஧⪠,  १  6-10 ,  ᪮쪮
窮 ஢;
- 饥 ணࠬ ᯥ祭  䥪⨢ ᯮ짮
   ணࠬ, 㤮 ४ ॣ  
 ᨬ,  ࠢ騥  ᥢ᪨;
-   䫨       ன,
砥  ࠧꥬ  .

⪨ ( ⪨  ?):
- ⮨ ⠪  ⠢   ⮨ ᠬ
 (   );  ᯮ, ᪮쪮   㦥 ⨫
 ᢮  - , RAM-, ᪮  ஫஬, ன
᪮...     ⮣, ⮡ 㤮 뫮 ࠡ.  祬
        ⮬ ⢥ 먣 
㤮⢥?
-  ⮩ ன  ࠡ ⮫쪮  ணࠬ,  
ࠡ  樮 ⥬  ᭠饭 ᯥ樠 ஥
ࠩ஬. "... ࠡ  樮 ⥬..." -   
⠪   ,    ,  
⮢ ⥪⮢;    , ஭ ⠡,
ࠢ ⥬.  祬   ᢮ ६ 
ணࠬ? - ᨤ  ।  稭 ᢮ 室.   
⤥ ணࠬ,   ,   㡫  
ணࠬ  ন  ன⢮  ᢮ ࠧࠡ⪠,
  設⢥ 襪    㦭 - ⨪ 
ࠧ 㤮;
-  ஢᪮ 業 ""  ࠧࠡ⪮ ஫
⠪  ,   ᯮ짮  
   ᪫祭 ணࠬ.  -,  ஥ 室
  ⮫쪮  ⠤ ࠧࠡ⪨,  -, 祬 㯠
ண騩 ஫ ( 祭 ண,  ⮬ , 㦭
뢠 ), ᫨   㦭  ᭮  ࠡ 
    ਫ?

砭  롮 :  ࠡ   ࠩ஬ 
室 , ࠡ  ⠭ PC/XT. ᫨  㤥
ᯮ짮  83- ,    ஡
  . ᫨    101-譠 ७ ,
   㡥  ⮬,     ४⥫ "XT-AT",
⠪   ᫥ ६ ࠭   ⠪
४⥫   ࠧꥬ,   PS/2 (쪠 㣫 6-⠪⭠
).

⢥ 祭  ந  ᫥饩 奬:

ࠧꥬ                                            
--------------------                                --------------------
|  楯  | ⠪ |                                |  楯  | ⠪ |
|------------------|                                |--------|---------|
|  +5   |   C10   |-------O----O----< <--- ... ----|  +5   |    5    |
|        |         |       |    |                   |        |         |
|  |   C01   |-------|----|----< <--- ... ----|  |    4    |
|        |         |      [ ]  [ ]                  |        |         |
|  PC7   |   C02   |----  [ ]  [ ]                  |   --   |    3    |
|        |         |   |   |    |                   |        |         |
|  PC1   |   C08   |---O---O----|----< <--- ... ----|  |    2    |
|        |         |            |                   |        |         |
|  PC2   |   C07   |------------O----< <--- ... ----| ஡  |    1    |
--------------------                                --------------------


 .

 裡   ஬ ᯮ ᥣ  ଠ樮
 -   ஡ ( 筮  - data  clock).
ଠ쭮  ﭨ: data=0, clock=1,  ⮬   
ࠡ ᠬ  ᥡ,      㣮. ᫨ 
,  । (짮⥫   ⨫ - ),
  ਮ᪨ 뢠  clock  "0"    ⠭
 ⭮, ⠪  ⥫쭮 ﭨ "1"  "0" 室  ᮮ⭮襭
ਬ୮ 10:1. , 㦨 , ⠭  data  "1",
 㦨 ᨣ   । ᫥饩 ᫥⥫쭮:
         __     __    __    __    __    __    __    __    __    __       __
clock ...  |___|  |__|  |__|  |__|  |__|  |__|  |__|  |__|  |__|  |_____|  ...
         __     _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____    __
data  ...  |___|     |__0__|__1__|__2__|__3__|__4__|__5__|__6__|__7__|__|  ...

᫥⥫쭮 ।⠢ ᮡ  ⮢ , ࠢ "1",
 ᥬ ⮢ , ⠪㥬   clock. ᫥ । 樨
  ⠭    "1",  ⮬ 
  ⠭ ਧ  (data=0), ⮡  
砫 । ᫥騩 ,   ࠡ뢠 ⮫쪮 
祭.

; ਬ ணࠬ ਥ    
;
IBMKey:	mvi	A, 15	; ⠭  7  5  
	out	4	;  (  ⠭ ਧ ⮢
			;    ਥ )
	lxi	B, 0B00h ;㧪 稪  ॣ-⥫
nx000:	in	5	;     ஡
	ani	4
	jz	nx000
	dcr	B	; ஢ઠ 祭 稪
	jz	KeyOvr	;   室, ᫨ ⠬ 0
	in	5	; ⥭   5  ᤢ ⠭
	rrc		;  祭 ⠪ ࠧ, ⮡  
	rrc		;     䫠 ७
	mov	A, C	; ࠭ ⠭   ॣ C
	rar
	mov	C, A
nx111:	in	5	;     ஡
	ani	4
	jnz	nx111
	jmp	nx000	;  横
KeyOvr:	mvi	A, 14	; ⠭  7  5  
	out	4	;  (  ⠭ ਧ  )
	mov	A, C
	ret		; 室  ணࠬ
;

,  ணࠬ 룫 ⠭  來,  
 ⥬,   ࠧ । ਠ, ⮢  ࠡ 
⨬஢  . 楤 ,    筥
। , ⠥ , ,    ஡   ⠭
,  ⥬ 頥 ⠭   ॣ A.  ᪮
   ணࠬ, 뢠  ॢ뢠   038h
 ᯮ짮 ᫥ ஢:

;
	mvi	B, 80	; 㧪 稪.  뢠,   ᫥
			;  ஢  70 ⥬ ॠ  ᨣ
			;     ,    
			;  뢠. ⠭  ᫮  90 -
			;    ६.
noKeys:	in	5	; ⥭ 祭  
	ani	4	;   2 - ᨣ ஡ 
	cz	IBMKey	; ᫨ ⠬ "0",  맮 ணࠬ IBMKey
	jz	KeyEnd	;   横 蠥
	dcr	B	;   த,
	jnz	noKeys	;     稪
KeyEnd:
;

। 砫 ࠡ 奬 ࠫ쭮 䥩 樠 ⠪,
⮡  ࠤ  C ࠡ⠫  뢮,   -  .  ⮣
室, ਬ, 祭 083h (  ਬ  ࠨ 
   B,  ஬ 砥 ⠪ ୮ ன⢮, 
⨪ "").    ᮢ  ࠡ  ⠬ - ᫨   
祭    5,    뫠     
楫,   ⮫쪮  㦭   ⥬  祭 
ࠢ騩  4.

 ਬ  ࠡ⪥ .  砫 ࠡ 襩 ணࠬ
४ ந   (    ﭨ 
ᥩ 室).  ⮣ । ன 奬 䥩 
ଠ쭮 ࠡ ⠭  2  5   ( ᥣ ࠢ
祭 080h   4)     50  (  HLT 
ࠧ襭 뢠). ⥬ ன 奬 ⠪  뫮 ᠭ
 (ਬ, ⥬  祭 083h)  맮 ணࠬ IBMKbd 
⥭    .    ஢
ᠬ஢ ,  砥 ᯥ,  ᫠ ᫮ 0AAh. ᫨
祭, ஥ 㫠 ணࠬ IBMKbd, ⫨砥  ⮣, 
    浪    - .
쭥 ࠡ⪠  祭   祭 : 
뫠    , ᠬ ࣠ ⮯  ᪮
10 ᨬ  ᥪ㭤,   ᪠  뫠   ᠬ ,
  ⠭  "1" 訬 ⮬.  ,    ࠧ
ਢ   :

		048h
		080h
	ࠢ	04Dh
		04Bh
	஡	039h
		01Ch

⠫   㧭  ᫥ ࠢ筨  IBM PC.

⥫쭮 ᥬ 騬  । (ᮢ襭 ᯫ⭮):
	- 室 ⥪  ࠩ ,  ४஢
	䠢⭮-஢  ࠢ ᨬ  ⠭ -8,
	४祭 ॣ஢ (ﭭ  ६);
	- ਠ  ஄  ஥ ࠩ஬ ;
	- 室 ⥪ BIOS ᮫   ஄  ࠩ஬ ⮩
	.

 㤮⢨ ⢥   쬠,  ⥫ ࠧ᭥ 
樨,  ⠪  ᮬ ਬ  砭  ।.


਩ ⮭.

 : 644048, . , . ஢, . 12, . 6.

P.S.   楫 뫠 ࠭   "-06" 
ன  IBM PC/XT.